口译是英语翻译的一个重要技能,同时也是英语翻译考试的一个重要的组成部分。同声传译也是口译的一项,它考察的内容就非常的专业,所以我们要注意的地方就有很多。 下面小编就和大家分享英语翻译技巧:实用的口译技巧,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
1、句式调整
同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确,但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排,对于英汉传译,往往需要采用英语句式的顺序:
【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.
【译】坦率地讲,思想和商品都将会在全球流通,不管有没有我们的帮助。
2、断句和巧用连词
处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句,除了断成译群外,还有一个关键要掌握,即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词,于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语,使得句子很长,而在中文中就不怕重复使用。
【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.
【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。
为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性,同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构,在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂,即连词,将单个的句群联系起来。
在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说,比如:
【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.
【译】我想先澄清一下,然后再讲下一部分。
【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.
【译】我想谈下一部分,在这之前先澄清一点。
【例】the development and application of new telecom service
【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后,此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词,这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为:开发和运用新的电信业务。
【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.
【译】可将此句译成:在中国, 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域,并将其向国外同行开放,这会极大推动第三产业的发展。
还有一些同类表达:
clear evidence of 清楚地表明
give impetus to 有力地推动
an obvious violation of 显然违反了
英语中大量使用被动句,目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别,造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力,特别是当句子主语较长时,在这种情况下,建议将语态由被动转成主动,往往会有柳暗花明之感:
【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.
【译】 必须做出安排……
【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.
一般来说,在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性,但也不绝对,所以,如果具备了改错空间,当然提倡有错必改。
调整是同声翻译中的校译过程,是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾,在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时,会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。
A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to ① a fundamental change in the way we work. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically. Today the majority of jobs are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.
More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part- time jobs. More people are self-employed. Above all, the economic transformation is giving rise to② a radical~ new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers——all these are being challenged.
①转变为,转化为
③根本的,彻底的
参考译文:
一个新时代降临在我们身上。随你怎么称呼它:叫它服务型经济、信息时代,或者知识社会都行。它都反映在我们工作方式的根本改变上。靠生产物品谋生的人的比例大幅度下降。今天,大多数的人们都从事服务性行业的工作,而且人数呈上升趋势。
劳动力中妇女的人数比以往任何时候都多。有更多兼职的工作。更多的人成为个体劳动者。最重要的是,经济的转变带来了对于工作本身的一种全新认识。工作和事业,成功所必需具备的技能,甚至就连个人与雇主的关系——长期以来对所有这些问题所持的看法都受到了挑战。
上海社会科学院①的一项最新分析表明,外资的加入对上海的发展和上海市民的生活产生了巨大影响。这项分析预测,从2002年起,世界主要经济强国在上海的直接投资将急剧上升。过去几年来突飞猛进的发展形势使很多人相信上海是国际投资可靠的港口。
中国人民银行上海分行的统据数据表明,到2001年年底,上海的海外金融机构达到65家,其中54家是外国银行。上海的外国银行的总资产②、储蓄存款和贷款平衡差额③占中国所有外国银行总和的一半以上。到目前为止,世界排名前50位的银行中有八家已经在上海建立了分行。
① the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences
② total asset
③loan balance
参考译文
The latest analysis of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences shows that the introduction of foreign capital has produced a tremendous influence on Shanghai’s development and the livelihood of its citizens. It predicts that Shanghai will witness an upsurge in direct investment from the world’s major economic powers from 2002. The rapid development over the past few years has made many believe that Shanghai is a sound port for international capital.
Statistics of the People’s Bank of China Shanghai Branch showed that, by the end of 2001, the number of overseas financial institutions in Shanghai had reached 65, of which 54 were foreign banks. The total assets, savings deposits and loan balance of foreign banks in Shanghai account for more than half of the total of foreign banks in China. So far, 8 of the world’s top 50 banks have set up branches in Shanghai.
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