新冠肺炎疫情已经让世界各地的体育赛事中断了好几个月，今天小编给大家带来了疫情时期的别样球赛：纸板人当观众，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
疫情时期的别样球赛：纸板人当观众
As sports resume, some fans will be made of cardboard”
When Major League Baseball kicks off its abridged season this month, its fan base is going to look dramatically different and they won’t be nearly as loud.
美国职业棒球大联盟复赛于本月开幕时，现场的粉丝团看起来将会大不一样，而且会安静得多。
That’s because teams like the Oakland Athletics, San Francisco Giants and a handful of others will be filling their stands with cardboard cutouts of fans. The trend, which we first saw in European soccer leagues, has now made its way to the United States.
这是因为奥克兰运动家队、旧金山巨人队和其他几支棒球队将会在观众席位上放上粉丝们的纸板人。这一潮流首见于欧洲足球联赛，如今也传到了美国。
When MLB returns after a lost spring due to coronavirus, fans will not be permitted in the stands. That has forced teams to look for creative solutions to recoup in-stadium revenue and create fan engagement.
因为疫情而损失了春季球赛的美国职业棒球大联盟归来后，现场看台不允许粉丝进入。这迫使棒球队寻找创意方式来找补球场收入、增加粉丝参与度。
recoup[rɪˈkuːp]: vt. 收回;恢复
The A’s announced the start of the “Coliseum Cutouts” program on Monday, which allows fans to put their image on an 18 x 30 cardboard cutout and for the chance to see their cutout appear on television. In 24 hours, the A’s said they have already sold 1,000 “season tickets” for the cardboard cutouts.
奥克兰运动家队本周一(6月29日)宣布启动“球场纸板人”项目，该项目允许粉丝将大小为18英寸.0英寸(0.46米..76米)的个性纸板人放在座位上，并有机会看到自己的纸板人在电视上出现。奥克兰运动家队表示，24小时内他们就售出了1000张“纸板人季票”。
"Response has been extremely strong,” Oakland A’s president Dave Kaval told CNBC in an interview. “People are especially interested in the foul ball dunk, where if your cutout gets hit, we send you the authenticated ball to your house.”
奥克兰运动家队的主席戴夫·卡瓦尔在CNBC的一次访谈中说：“我们收到了非常热情的反馈。人们对界外球尤其感兴趣，如果你的纸板人被球砸到，我们将把原球寄到你家。”
The price of cutouts varies by team, but in Oakland, prices start at $49 and go up to $129, depending on location in the stands.
每个球队给纸板人的定价都不同，但在奥克兰运动家队，纸板人价格从49美元(约合人民币346元)到129美元不等，取决于在看台上的位置。
The fine print says that commercial advertisements, slogans, websites and social media handles will not be permitted on the cutouts. Offensive or negative references and names of MLB players are also prohibited.
细则中写道，商业广告、标语、网站和社交媒体入口不允许出现在纸板人上，和职业棒球大联盟球员有关的攻击性或负面信息以及球员名字也禁止出现在上面。
The A’s said the cutouts will remain in the ballpark for the 2020 regular season and fans will have the option to take home their cutout as a souvenir when the season ends. The A’s do not guarantee the condition of cutouts from weather and other elements.
奥克兰运动家队称，纸板人将会在2020常规赛季中一直保留在棒球场中，粉丝可以选择在赛季结束时将自己的纸板人带回家留念。奥克兰运动家队不保证纸板人不会因为天气和其他因素而受损。
Kaval said that there’s also a visual component to having cardboard fans at the ballpark.
卡瓦尔称，棒球场中有纸板人粉丝的话，画面效果会更好。
"It has a better feel for the broadcast experience versus seeing empty stands, so I think you will see more and more teams adopt something like this, not only for the fan engagement but for the broadcast experience,” he said.
他说：“播出时看见纸板人比看见空座位感觉更好，所以我认为你会看见越来越多球队采用纸板人的做法，不只是为了增加粉丝参与度，也是为了提升播出效果。”
The Oakland A’s are letting their fans be at their ballparks virtually with its Coliseum Cutouts program. Source: Oakland A’s.
The San Francisco Giants are running a similar cardboard cutout program for season ticket holders, which they plan to open to the public beginning on Monday. The Giants plan to put the images of the season ticket holders in their actual seat locations.
旧金山巨人队也向季票持有者推出了类似的纸板人项目，他们计划从周一开始向公众开放。巨人队计划将季票持有者的纸板人放在他们的实际座位上。
The Oakland Athletics said their Coliseum Cutout program is not designed to make money for the organization, but to raise money for local charities that have been impacted by Covid-19.
奥克兰运动家队称，他们的“球场纸板人”项目不是为了给球队赚钱，而是为了给受新冠疫情冲击的当地慈善机构筹款。
The San Francisco Giants said it’s less about the money and more of a fun way to engage with its fans.
旧金山巨人队称，与其说是为了赚钱，不如说是一种和粉丝互动的有趣方式。
The Giants are charging $99 for their program and are providing the cutouts to season ticket holders that have agreed to roll their money to next season.
巨人队的这一项目收费99美元，将向那些下一季愿意继续购票的季票持有者提供纸板人。
Yet in Germany, Bundesliga’s Borussia Mönchengladbach sold 23,000 cutouts, according to Be At the Game, the company behind the program. With an average price of $26, that’s about $600,000 in revenue.
然而在德国，据运营纸板人项目的公司Be At the Game介绍，德国足球甲级联赛的普鲁士明兴格拉德巴赫队卖出了2.3万个纸板人。每个纸板人的均价是26美元，总收入约60万美元。
Tom Hickson, co-founder of Be At the Game, said his company has been in discussions with the NBA, NHL and MLS teams about utilizing this new type of fan.
Be At the Game公司的联合创始人汤姆·西克森表示，他们的公司一直在和美国男子篮球职业联赛、北美职业冰球联赛和美国职业足球大联盟的球队就使用这种新型“粉丝”进行洽谈。
"As sports fans, we’re all obviously aggrieved about the fact that the Covid-19 pandemic has prevented fans from entering into sports stadiums and arenas across the world,” Hickson said. “So it’s a way in which fans can be re-engaged.”
“作为体育迷，我们显然都对于新冠疫情阻止粉丝进入世界各地的体育场馆的事实感到悲愤，”西克森说，“所以这是让粉丝重新参与进来的一个方式。”
The coronavirus is expected to have cost 400 million jobs in the second quarter
The coronavirus pandemic is expected to have resulted in a 14% drop in global working hours in the second quarter of 2020, the International Labour Organization has said.
国际劳工组织近日称，2020年第二季度，新冠肺炎疫情预计将导致全球工作时间减少14%。
The United Nations’ labor agency said this updated fall in working hours was the equivalent of 400 million full-time job losses globally in the second quarter, based on a standard 48-hour working week.
联合国国际劳工组织称，按每周工作48小时的标准计算，最新统计的工作时间降幅相当于第二季度全球减少4亿个全职工作岗位。
This marked a “sharp increase” on the 10.7% fall in working hours, or 305 million job losses, that the ILO forecasted for that period, in its previous report on the impact of Covid-19 on the labor market, published in May.
国际劳工组织5月份发布的关于新冠肺炎对劳动力市场影响的报告预测称，今年第二季度全球工作时间预计减少10.7%(即3.05亿个全职工作)。而最新数据与之相比大幅上升。
In this fifth edition of its “Covid-19 and the world of work” monitor, the ILO said that the Americas were the most affected region, with an estimated 18.3% drop in working hours, or 70 million full-time jobs.
在第五版“新冠肺炎与全球工作”监测报告中，国际劳工组织表示，美洲是受影响最严重的地区，工作时间预计减少了18.3%，即7000万个全职工作。
The working-hour losses are calculated based on the ILO’s “nowcasting” model, which is statistical forecasting drawing on real-time economic and labor market data. It uses the fourth quarter of 2019 as the basis for falls.
工作时间损失是根据国际劳工组织的“即时预测”模型计算的，该模型利用实时经济和劳动力市场数据进行统计预测，并与2019年第四季度做对比。
In the first quarter, the ILO calculated a 5.4% fall in working hours worldwide, equating to 155 million jobs, in comparison to the fourth quarter of last year.
据国际劳工组织计算，今年第一季度全球工作时间较去年第四季度减少5.4%，相当于1.55亿个全职工作。
The ILO said there were multiple factors causing this global decline such as, shorter working hours, temporary leave — or furlough — as well as unemployment and “inactivity.”
国际劳工组织表示，造成这一数据下降的因素有很多，如工作时间缩短、临时休假(或暂时解雇)、失业和“不活跃”等。
furlough[ˈfɜːləʊ]：n.休假;暂时解雇;放假
Passangers wearing face masks walk the terminal of Warsaw Chopin Airport following an outbreak of coronavirus disease in Warsaw, Poland, March 13, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]
2020年下半年全球职场展望
The ILO’s report also outlined three different scenarios for a labor market recovery in the second half of the year.
国际劳工组织的报告还概述了今年下半年劳动力市场复苏的三种不同情景。
The baseline model projects a 4.9% decline in working hours, or 140 million job losses, compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. This scenario is assuming a rebound in economic activity according to existing forecasts, the lifting of workplace lockdown restrictions, in addition to a recovery in consumption and investment.
根据基线模型预测，与2019年第四季度相比，今年下半年全球工作时间将减少4.9%，相当于损失1.4亿个全职工作。这一设想是在假定经济活动根据现有预测出现复苏、解除工作场所封锁限制以及消费和投资复苏的前提下得出的。
A pessimistic scenario would see an estimated 11.9% fall in working hours, or 340 million job losses. This is based on there being a second wave of coronavirus cases, prompting the return of lockdown restrictions, therefore meaning a “significantly slow recovery.”
按照悲观的估计，全球工作时间将减少11.9%，相当于损失3.4亿个全职工作。这是基于出现第二波新冠疫情，促使封锁限制恢复，因而“恢复非常缓慢”的前提下得出的。
The optimistic model would work out to an estimated 1.2% decrease in working hours, or 34 million job cuts. This best-case scenario would be the result of workers’ activities resuming quickly, “significantly boosting aggregate demand and job creation.”
按照乐观的估计，预计全球工作时间将减少1.2%，相当于损失3400万个全职工作。在职员尽快复工，“从而显著提振总需求和创造就业机会”的前提下，才会出现这种最乐观的情况。
加剧职场性别不平等
The ILO report also highlighted the disproportionate effect of the pandemic on female workers. It pointed out that 510 million, or 40%, of all employed women globally work in the four most hard-hit sectors by the coronavirus crisis, compared to 36.6% of men.
国际劳工组织的报告还强调说，新冠肺炎疫情对女性的影响更大。该机构指出，全球有5.1亿女性(占全体就业女性的40%)在受到新冠疫情冲击最大的四个行业工作，而在男性中这一比例为36.6%。
The fact that women also dominate the domestic work, health and social care sectors, has meant that they are at greater risk of infection and transmission of the virus and of losing income. Meanwhile, the distribution of unpaid care work of children, for example, has become more unequal during the pandemic, made worse by the closure of schools and care services.
女性在家务、卫生保健和社会护理部门也占主导地位，这意味着她们感染和传播病毒以及失去收入的风险更大。与此同时，无偿照料儿童等任务分配在新冠肺炎疫情期间更加不平等，学校和育儿机构的关闭使情况恶化。
The ILO said this impact on women risked undoing some of the progress on gender equality in recent decades and exacerbating work-related gender inequalities.
国际劳工组织表示，这种对女性的影响可能会破坏近几十年来在性别平等方面取得的一些进展，并加剧职场性别不平等。
研究：看红光可以延缓视力衰退
Declining eyesight can be improved by looking at red light, pilot study says
A few minutes of looking into a deep red light could have a dramatic effect on preventing eyesight decline as we age, according to a new study published this week in The Journals of Gerontology.
根据本周发表在《老年学杂志》上的一项新研究，只要凝视深红色光几分钟，就能有效地预防视力衰退。
"You don't need to use it for very long to start getting a strong result," said lead author Glen Jeffery, a professor of neuroscience at University College London's Institute of Ophthalmology.
该研究的首席作者、伦敦大学学院眼科研究所神经科学系教授格伦·杰弗瑞说：“你不用看很长时间红光，就能有立竿见影的效果。”
The science works, Jeffery said, because the light stimulates the health of mitochondria, which are like batteries in our cells.
杰弗瑞说，其科学原理在于红光可以增进线粒体的健康，线粒体就像我们身体细胞的电池。
mitochondria[ˌmaɪto'kɑndrɪr]: n. 线粒体(mitochondrion的复数)
And because mitochondria are implicated in a broad range of diseases, insights like these could help lead to new treatments for diseases including Parkinson's and diabetes.
因为线粒体衰退牵涉到许多疾病，这样的发现可能有助于启发帕金森症和糖尿病等疾病的新疗法。
The study was small, a pilot study to test the concept. Researchers recruited 12 men and 12 women, whose ages ranged from 28 to 72. Each participant was given a small handheld flashlight that emitted a red light with a wavelength of 670 nanometers. That wavelength is toward the long end of the visible spectrum, and just short of an infrared wavelength, which tends to be invisible to the human eye.
这项研究是一个小型的试点项目，旨在测试这一概念。研究人员招募了12名男性和12名女性，他们的年龄在28岁到72岁之间。每位参与者都分到了一个手持的小手电筒，可以发出波长670纳米的红光。这种红光的波长接近可见光谱波长最长的一端，只有人眼通常看不见的红外线的波长才比它短。
They spent three minutes each day looking into the light over a period of two weeks.
在两周时间内，参与者每天花三分钟凝视红光。
The lights work on both cones and rods in the eye. Cones are photo receptor cells that detect color and work best in well-lit situations. Rods, which are much more plentiful, are retina cells that specialize in helping us see in dim light, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
这种红光对眼睛的视锥细胞和视杆细胞都产生了作用。根据美国眼科学会，视锥细胞是可以察觉颜色的感光细胞，在光线明亮的情况下最能发挥作用。数量庞大得多的视杆细胞是视网膜细胞，主要功能是帮我们在光线昏暗时看见东西。
Researchers measured the cone function in subjects' eyes by having them identify colored letters with low contrast. And they measured their eyes' rod sensitivity by asking them to detect light signals in the dark.
研究人员通过让参与者识别对比度低的有颜色的字母来衡量他们的视锥细胞功能，通过让参与者在黑暗中识别光信号来衡量他们的视杆细胞功能。
There was a 14% improvement in the ability to see colors, or cone color contrast sensitivity, for the entire two dozen participants.
在24名参与者中，有14%的人辨认颜色的能力或视锥细胞颜色对比敏感度提高了。
Improvement, however, was most significant in study participants over age 40. For those ages, cone color contrast sensitivity rose by 20% over the course of the study.
视力提高最显著的是40岁以上的参与者。在研究过程中，这一年龄段的人的视锥细胞颜色对比敏感度上升了20%。
That age bracket also saw significant increases in rod threshold, which corresponds to the ability to see in low light. Study participants under 40 also experienced some improvement, but didn't see the same jump as older subjects. Younger eyes haven't declined as much as older eyes.
该年龄段的人的视杆细胞功能也显著增强了，也就是在弱光环境下看见东西的能力。40岁以下的参与者也经历了视力改善，但是没有年长者那么显著。年轻人的眼睛不像年长者的眼睛衰退得那么严重。
"The retina ages faster than any other organ in your body," Jeffery said. "From an evolutionary perspective, we fundamentally have never lived past 40."
杰弗瑞说：“视网膜衰老的速度比人体的其他器官都要快。从进化角度来说，人类器官的使用寿命只有40年。”
Now, of course, we regularly live well beyond that age, and need ways to nurture the organs that for millennia have been the most likely to wear out earliest in life.
现在，一般人的寿命当然都会超过40岁，于是就需要各种方式来保养那些几千年来最早衰老的器官。
But more studies are needed to prove it helps.
"We're all going to suffer from aging. So let's try to go gently if we can," Jeffery said.
杰弗瑞说：“我们都将受到衰老的折磨。如果可以的话，让我们优雅地老去。”
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