托福阅读总是看不懂文章怎么办?先了解常见话题背景知识,今天给大家带来了托福阅读总是看不懂文章怎么办,希望能够帮助到大家在托福考试中拿高分，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
有部分学生反映做托福(课程)阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如官方真题Official中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定官方真题Official套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect ，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.
A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.
B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.
C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.
D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。
原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项，那就解决掉它吧!
1. a couple of 两三个，几个
Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.
2. account for 解释
Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance.
3. adapt to 使适应于
They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
4, adorn with sth 用…装饰
Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.
5.appeal to 吸引
Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults
6.apply to 适用于
Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.
7.at best 充其量，最多
Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.
8.at intervals 相隔一定距离
However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下
A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.
10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期
The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.
11.back and forth 来回地
They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.
12.be absent from 缺席，不在
Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.
13.be capable of 能…的
Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.
14. be characterized by 以…为特征
The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.
15.be composed of 由…组成
Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.
16.be concerned with 与某事物有关
Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.
17.be distinct from 与…不同
Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets
18.be essential to 对…不可缺少
Public performance is essential to verbal art.
19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受
Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.
20.be far from 离…很远，根本不是
But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.
21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的
Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
22.be regarded as 被认为是
Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.
23.be related to 与…有关的，相联系的
Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?
24. be responsible for 对…负责
In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.
25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的
Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.
26.be subjected to 经历，遭受
Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.
27. be superior to 优越于
Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones
28 .be traced to 找出根源
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到
People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.
30. be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于
In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.
31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的
Two distinct processes are involved in molting.
32.benefit from 从…中受益
Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.
33.break down 分解
All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.
34.by far 到目前为止
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.
35.by means of 通过，凭借
The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.
36.by virtue of 由于
Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics
37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内
The delivery service was at first confined to cities.
38.conform to 符合
Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area
39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于
Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.
40.cope with 对付
Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.
41.date back to 始于
In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.
42. depend on 依靠
The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.
43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物
Plant stems die when deprived of water.
44.derive from 获得，起源于
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.
45.due to 由于，因为
Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.
46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…发展来
The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.
47.extract from 提取
It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.
48.feed on 以…为食物
Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.
They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.
50. get rid of 处理掉
Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.
51.give access to 向…开放
To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.
Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.
53.give off 发散，发出
If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.
The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.
55.go beyond 超过，越过
An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.
56.go out of business 停业，关门
The shop went out of business.
57.have nothing to do with 与…无关
A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.
58.impart to 传授给
They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.
59.impose on 强加于
New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education.
60.in common 共同
No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.
61.in favor of 赞同，支持
The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.
62.in quantity 大量，大批
There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.
63.in season 当季
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.
64.in spite of 尽管，任凭
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.
The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
66.in view of 由于
In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.
67.instead of 代替
Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.
68.invest in 投资
He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.
In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.
70.leave out 排除
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.
71.off the mark 不正确
This analogy is not far off the mark.
72.on behalf of 代表
Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.
73. on the basis of 在…的基础上
Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning
74.owing to 由于，因为
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.
75.perceive sth as sth 认为
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.
76.pick up 学会
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.
77.put off 推迟
Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.
78.regardless of 不顾
Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.
79.result from 因..而产生
Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.
80.result in 结果，导致
The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.
81.set about 开始，动手
African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.
82. set aside 留下将来用
Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
83.so far 到目前为止
The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.
84.sort out 把…分类
Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.
85.spring up 涌现
In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.
86.stem from 起源于
It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.
87.stretch out 伸展，伸出
The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
88.strive for 为…而奋斗
As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.
89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考虑到
Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.
90.take advantage of 利用
Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
91.thanks to 由于
kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.
92.to some extent 某种程度上
Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.
93.turn out 结果是，证明是
Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.
94.usher in 宣告…的来临
Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost.
95. wear away 磨损
Natural forces wear away the Earth's crust
96.wipe out 消灭，肃清
Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting.
97.with respect to 在…方面
The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting.
98. with the advent of 随着…的出现
With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear.
99.with the aid of 借助于
It is now taught with the aid of computers.
100.with the exception of 除..以外
With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.
Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.
competition n.比赛
competitor n.参赛者
competent adj.有能力的
competence n.能力
collaboration n.合作
collaborate v.合作
commercial adj.商业的
commodity n.商品
Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible by piecing together bits of historical evidence, such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists dating back to thefifteenth century. ( TPO43, 48)
piece v.拼凑，组装
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible (by piecing together bits of historical evidence),(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) (dating back to the fifteenth century). (TPO43,48)
这个句子的主干是：
Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible
修饰一：(by piecing together bits of historical evidence) ，介词短语
修饰二：(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) ，介词短语
中文：例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录以及西班牙殖民者的作品。
修饰三：(dating back to the fifteenth century)，非谓语动词
科学家们通过拼凑很多小的历史证据，来试图尽可能多地记录过去的厄尔尼诺现象，例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录，以及追溯到15世纪的西班牙殖民者的作品。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和介词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
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