付出终有回报，信心绝对重要。今天小编给大家带来了2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
China’s Quest for Human Rights and Democracy
To many Westerners, the concept of human rights in China is a negative one. However, what is left unexplained by China’s critics is a paradox: How could a country with one-fifth of the world’s population but no human rights to speak of have made such enormous strides in its economic and social development? The real picture of China’s human rights situation is more complex than what stereotypes and assumptions convey. Understanding the truth requires an appreciation of China’s history and national aspirations.
Since 1840, for more than a century, China was ravaged by the aggression of Western powers, warlord fighting, and a civil war. For a starving, downtrodden people in a war-torn country, “human rights” were a luxury. Seventy years ago, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, the average life expectancy in China was only 35. In such dire times, ensuring the survival of its people was China’s imperative, and this guided policy for the past 70 years. Without assuring the right to survival and development, other rights are castles in the air.考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The results of our hard work are indisputable. China’s life expectancy reached 77 in 2018, higher than the world average of 72. In the last 40 years, over 740 million people have been lifted out of poverty, accounting for over 70% of the world’s total population lifted from poverty, an accomplishment applauded by the World Bank as “the fastest rate of poverty reduction ever recorded in human history.” Further, China has put in place the world’s largest networks of education, social security, medical care, and community-level democracy.
“Respecting and protecting human rights” has been included in the Constitutions of China and the Communist Party of China, and the various strategies guiding national development. Indeed, the expansion and protection of human rights has become an important principle of governance for the Party and the Chinese government.
The assumption that China is not a democracy reflects a large misunderstanding. Democracy is a means to deliver a happy life to the people by constantly improving the governance of the country and society. For decades, China has been committed to upholding the Party’s leadership, ensuring that the people run the country and practice law-based governance. The people can have their voices heard in local and state affairs and can freely claim their rights. Anti-corruption campaigns have been successful. State power is now exercised with checks and balances, and the people enjoy higher standards of living. Indeed, it is those countries who masquerade as democracies but flout the will of the people who should think about the condition of their democracy.Citizens’ right to vote, freedom of speech, and freedom of religious belief are well protected by China’s Constitution. An election system with both direct and indirect election is practiced. Leaders are elected from the rank and file, with the participation of the whole population in various forms, so they are keenly attuned to the people’s wants. This is democracy in both name and nature.
We have over 800 million netizens, and people can speak freely on a wide range of conventional and new media platforms. Of course, law-breaking, hateful or inciteful comments are prohibited, as is the case in most other countries.
The Chinese people also enjoy the freedom of religion. There are nearly 200 million worshippers, over 380,000 religious personnel, and 144,000 legally-registered houses of worship in China. Tibet alone has 1,778 venues for practicing Tibetan Buddhism, with some 46,000 resident monks and nuns, and Xinjiang has 24,400 mosques, which means one mosque for every 530 Muslims, a higher rate than most Muslim countries.
Speaking of the “Xinjiang issue”, a so-called stain on China’s human rights record recently hyped up by some ill-informed or even ill-intentioned people, is not an issue about human rights or religion at all. Since the 1990s, Xinjiang has been a victim of the same rampant terrorism and religious extremism that has plagued the whole world. We have endured thousands of violent terrorist attacks.
To bring the situation under control, the government has taken a comprehensive approach, focusing on preventive measures, including establishing vocational education and training centers, to help misdemeanants misguided by extremism to learn the country’s common language and law, and acquire employable skills. These measures have worked - there have been no violent terrorist attacks in Xinjiang for 28 months. What we are doing is protecting human rights at every level.
As we Chinese often say, only the wearer knows if his shoes fit or not. China’s development philosophy is people-centered. Pay a visit to China, and you will see the people are leading happy lives. This is in itself a show of confidence in the country’s progress on human rights. The protection of human rights is a never-ending process, and China will always strive to do better.
“中国人权”在西方人眼里似乎总是一个负面词汇。由此产生的悖论是，一个由世界五分之一人口组成的“没有人权”的国家却取得了突出的经济、社会发展成就。中国人权的真相到底是什么?要了解这个问题，需要我们结合中国历史和国情，摒弃成见和臆测，拿出实事求是的态度，用客观事实说话。
翻开近代史，在长达一百多年间，中国因西方列强入侵、军阀混战、内战而山河破碎，生灵涂炭，国破家亡的乱世中生存殊为不易，谈何人权? 70年前中华人民共和国成立时，中国人均预期寿命才35岁，面对的最大国情是百废待兴，最大要务是解决人民的生存问题。70年来，我们坚持把生存权和发展权作为首要的基本人权，因为没有这些，其他人权犹如无本之木、空中楼阁。
我们改善人权的努力取得了不容抹杀的成果。2018年中国人均预期寿命已经达到77岁，比世界平均预期寿命72岁还要高。过去40年，中国7.4亿贫困人口实现脱贫，占同期全球减贫人口总数的70%以上，被世界银行称为“迄今人类历史上最快速度的大规模减贫”。中国还建成了世界最大规模的教育、社保、医疗和基层民主体系。尊重和保障人权也被写入宪法、中国共产党的党章和国家发展的战略规划，成为党和政府治国理政的一条重要原则。
还有一个很大的误解就是所谓“中国没有民主”。民主是一种通过对国家和社会治理的探索实现人民幸福生活的手段。过去几十年来，我们坚持中国共产党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一，全体人民依法管理国家各项事务、畅通表达利益要求、有效参与国家政治生活，反腐取得积极成效，权力运用得到有效制约和监督，老百姓日子越过越好。倒是那些标榜民主却挟持民意的国家，要好好审视一下自己的民主是否异化了。
说起公民选举权、言论自由和宗教信仰自由，这些都是受到宪法保障的。中国实行直接选举和间接选举相结合的选举制度。我们选出来的领导人，基本上都有基层工作经历，最知道老百姓想要什么，始终把为老百姓谋福利作为头等大事。中国领导人的产生过程，包含着各层级干部群众的评判与意见，是实实在在的民主。中国光网民就超过8亿，老百姓可以在传统和新媒体各种平台上自由发表见解，当然任何违法、煽动仇恨等言行都必须被制止，这在哪个国家都一样。中国公民有宗教信仰自由。中国有各类宗教信徒近2亿，宗教教职人员38万余人，依法登记的宗教活动场所14.4万处。例如，西藏自治区有藏传佛教活动场所1778处，住寺僧尼4.6万多人。新疆自治区有清真寺2.44万座，平均每530位穆斯林就拥有一座清真寺，比例超过许多穆斯林国家。
说到新疆，现在有一些无知或不良的人大肆炒作所谓“新疆问题”，称之为“中国的人权污点”，其实这根本不是什么人权和宗教问题。在国际上恐怖主义猖獗，宗教极端主义渗透的影响下，新疆自上世纪90年代以来就深受其害，发生了数千起暴力恐怖事件。为此，我们采取包括源头治理和预防性措施在内的综合措施，如依法建立职业技能教育培训中心，帮助那些受到极端思想影响、有轻微违法犯罪行为的人，学习通用语言、法律和职业技能。这些措施取得了积极成效，现在新疆已经连续28个月没发生暴恐事件了。我们所做的恰恰是保护人权的事。
鞋子合不合脚自己穿着才知道。我们奉行以人民为中心的发展理念。只要你到中国去走一走、看一看，就会感受到人们的获得感、幸福感和安全感，这就是对中国人权进步的信任票和满意票。
Stop Violence, Restore Order, and Preserve the Prosperity and Stability of Hong Kong
孙功谊大使在《快报》发表署名文章
Ambassador Sun Gongyi Publishes a Bylined Article on L’Express
2019年8月16日
16 August 2019
近两个月来，中国香港特别行政区的示威游行活动引发广泛关注。毛里求斯的各大主流媒体均有报道，一些毛里求斯朋友也对香港事态表达关心，希望香港保持长期繁荣稳定。这不仅符合包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的利益，也符合包括毛里求斯在内的国际社会的共同利益，而这正是中国中央政府和香港特别行政区政府为之不懈奋斗的目标。与此同时，我们也注意到，国际上一些媒体和人士罔顾事实或“选择性失明”，散布不负责任的言论，干扰国际社会对香港暴力违法活动的客观认识，甚至公然干涉中国内政，中方坚决反对。考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
今年7月1日，是香港各界人士纪念香港回归祖国和香港特别行政区成立的喜庆日子。但却发生了极端激进分子以极为暴力的方式冲击香港立法会大楼、肆意破坏内部公共设施的事件。尤其不能容忍的是，在香港特区政府宣布停止推进修改《逃犯条例》工作之后，暴力分子不仅不收手，反而变本加厉，公然污损国徽、侮辱国旗、纵火袭警、使用镭射枪照射警察眼睛、冲击中央政府驻港联络办公室和香港警署，强行阻止地铁运行瘫痪交通等破坏行动，超出集会、游行、示威自由的范畴，不仅严重破坏了香港市民正常生活秩序，更是对“一国两制”原则底线和中央政府权威的公然挑战。试问世界上哪一个主权国家和负责任的政府可以对此无动于衷?
令人痛心的是，持续近两个月的游行示威特别是暴力冲击行径，对香港经济民生已造成严重影响。8月5日香港特区政府公布的经济数据显示，今年第二季度香港地区生产总值较去年同期仅实质增长0.6%，跌至10年来最低水平。今年上半年各项经济指标，除个别行业外，全面下跌，零售业和旅游业首当其冲，商户销售额和酒店入住率大幅下跌。国际投资者的信心被严重打击，公开表达对香港营商环境的深切忧虑。可以预料，那些在香港定居或者做生意的毛里求斯朋友的工作生活也在一定程度上受到了暴力示威活动的影响。
必须明确的是，在香港当前乱局中，站在台前的是部分激进暴力分子，居中的是部分被误导、被裹挟的善良市民，但幕后怂恿、支持激进暴力分子的则是香港内外的“反中乱港”势力。他们明目张胆地为激进暴力分子撑腰壮胆、明里暗里进行协调指导和资助。“.”组织头目秘会西方国家驻香港总领事馆官员的事件一经曝光，引起舆论哗然。这种公然插手中国内政、漠视香港秩序遭破坏的行为，无异于包庇、纵容和支持违法犯罪。
谈到自由民主，我想指出的是，香港回归22年来，中国政府依照宪法和香港基本法，切实贯彻落实“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治，香港保持繁荣稳定，被公认为是全球最自由的经济体。香港的国民生产总值(GDP)从1997年的1.37万亿港币增至2018年的2.84万亿港币，人均GDP从1997年的21万港币增长至2018年的38.19万港币。香港还成功抵御了亚洲金融危机、国际金融危机的冲击，经济发展和人民生活呈现出一派繁荣气象。正如香港媒体评价，“一国两制”是香港发展的最大优势，它让香港分享了国家发展的红利，保障了香港居民的各项权利和自由。
“利莫大于治，害莫大于乱”，当前最紧要的任务是“止暴治乱、恢复秩序”。 克制并非软弱!中国中央政府和全中国人民维护香港繁荣稳定、维护国家根本利益的决心和力量不容被低估，将近全力还香港一个风清气正的美好明天，这也是当下香港社会最大的民意。
For the past two months, violent demonstrations in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People’s Republic of China have drawn great attention. Some media and friends in Mauritius are concerned about the development of the situation in Hong Kong. Preserving Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability is not only in the interest of all the Chinese people, including Hong Kong people, but is also in the interests of the international community, including Mauritius. This is precisely the objective for which unremitting efforts have been made by the Chinese Central Government and the HKSAR Government. At the same time, we have also noticed that some international media and people are disregarding the facts or making what we called “Selective Blindness”, and spreading irresponsible remarks. They are also preventing the international community to understand objectively Hong Kong’s violent and illegal activities, and they even openly interfere in China’s internal affairs. This is something China is strongly opposed to.
The 1st of July of this year was supposed to be a day of celebrations for the Hong Kong people all around the world, in commemoration of the 22nd anniversary of Hongkong’s return to motherland and the establishment of Hong Kong SAR. However, there were incidents during which extremists attacked the Hong Kong Legislative Council building in a very violent manner and willfully destroyed the internal public facilities. A particularly unacceptable fact is that even after the Hong Kong SAR government announced it would stop the revision of the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance, violence did not stop. Instead, the extremist militants intensified their efforts to publicly deface the national emblem, insult the national flag, and arson attacks to Hong Kong police. They even used laser guns to flash out the eyes of the policemen, attacked the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Police station, blocked Hong Kong subway, airport and public transportation. These are far beyond the scope of freedom of assembly and demonstration. Even the signs of terrorism have seriously arisen. This has not only affected the normal life of the Hongkong people, but also has openly challenged the bottom line of the “one country, two systems” principle and the authority of the central government. Which sovereign country and responsible government in the world can impassively watch this and do nothing?
The saddest thing is that the demonstrations and the violent movement which have now lasted for almost 2 months have seriously impacted Hong Kong’s economy and the people’s livelihood. According to economic data released by the Hong Kong SAR government on 5th August, in comparison with the same period of time last year, Hong Kong’s GDP has only increased by 0.6% in the second quarter of this year, which is the lowest level for the past 10 years. During the first half of this year, all Hongkong’s economic indicators have fallen down, except for a few industries. Retail business and tourism industries are on the top of the list, while merchant sales and hotel occupancy rates have also fallen sharply. The confidence of the international investors has been seriously impacted as they have publicly expressed their deep concern about the business environment in Hong Kong. The working life of the Mauritian friends who have settled down or are doing business in Hong Kong has probably been also affected to some extent by the violent demonstrations.
It must be clarified that, in the current chaos in Hong Kong, a small number of violent radicals are at the front with some kind-hearted citizens misguided and coerced in the middle, but the masterminds behind the scenes are the anti-China forces in and out of Hong Kong which have been trying to mess up Hong Kong. They are openly funding and supporting the radical activists, helping them to build strategies. Some of them even personally coordinated the subversive destruction movement of the riots. It has been revealed that the major “Hong Kong independence” activists have secretly met with diplomat of the Consulate General of one western country in Hong Kong. This affair has caused a public outcry. This kind of behavior, that is to say openly interfering in the domestic affairs of China and consciously ignoring the destruction of Hong Kong’s law and order, is nothing else than a shield which connive and support illegal crimes.
Talking about liberal democracy, I would like to point out that, since Hong Kong’s return back to motherland 22 years ago, the Chinese government has effectively implemented the policy of “One country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong” and has granted a high degree of autonomy to Hong Kong, in accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Hong Kong Basic Law. Hong Kong has maintained prosperous and stable all through these years and has even been recognized as the freest economy in the world. Hong Kong’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 1.37 trillion Hong Kong dollars in 1997 to 2.84 trillion Hong Kong dollars in 2018, and the GDP per capita has increased from 210,000 Hong Kong dollars in 1997 to 381,900 Hong Kong dollars in 2018. Hong Kong has also successfully resisted to the Asia financial crisis and the international financial crisis. Economic development has bloomed, and people’s lives have been drastically improved. As Hong Kong media commented, “one country, two systems” has been the greatest advantage for the development of Hong Kong. It has allowed Hong Kong to share the profits of the mainland’s development while protecting the rights and the freedom of the people of Hong Kong.
A Chinese proverb says “Nothing is more beneficial than stability, and nothing is more detrimental than chaos”. The most urgent and overriding task for now is to stop the violence, end chaos and restore order. Restraint is not weakness! The determination and strength of the Chinese Central Government and the entire Chinese people to preserve Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability and maintain the country’s fundamental interests cannot be underestimated. We will do everything it takes to get Hong Kong back to the path of a prosperous future. This is also currently the most common will of the people of Hong Kong.
驻澳大利亚大使成竞业在澳主流媒体发文
Ambassador Cheng Jingye’s Signed Article on U.S.-China Trade Disputes
2019年8月15日
15 August 2019
自两个月前我在《澳大利亚人报》发表中美贸易摩擦的文章以来，中美贸易谈判再次上演了过山车般的行情。
Since I expounded my opinion on China-US trade friction in The Australian two months ago, trade talks between the two countries have been going through a rollercoaster ride.
6月底，中美两国元首在大阪就中美经贸问题达成了共识。双方同意在平等和相互尊重的基础上重启经贸磋商。美方表示不再对中国出口产品加征新的关税。两国经贸团队将就具体问题进行讨论。考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
At the end of June, the Chinese and US Presidents reached the following consensus in Osaka: Restart trade consultations on the basis of equality and mutual respect; no new tariffs on Chinese exports by the US side; negotiation teams ready to discuss specific issues thereafter.
7月底，中美在上海举行了第12轮经贸高级别磋商，并约定将在8月进行密集磋商，为9月牵头人会面做准备。
At the end of July, China and the US held the 12th round of high-level economic and trade negotiations in Shanghai. Both sides agreed to undertake intensive talks in August in preparation for the meeting between the heads of negotiation teams in September.
未想，磋商甫一结束，美方就突然变卦，单方面声称将对3000亿美元中国输美商品加征10%的关税。
Unexpectedly, soon after the Shanghai negotiations, the US went back on its word and unilaterally announced an additional 10 per cent tariff on US$300 billion worth of Chinese goods.
中美元首大阪会晤共识刚刚给世界经济带来的一线希望，就这样再次被美国的反复无常化为泡影，全球经济再次陷入动荡不安。
The glimmer of hope for the world economy brought by the Osaka consensus was again diminished by the flip-flopping of the US. As a result, the global economy fell into turmoil.
许多国家和地区，大宗商品市场、股市、汇市无不受到严重影响。科廷大学经济学家研究认为，由于美对华贸易战的升级，每位澳大利亚人每年将损失近300澳元。
The commodity, stock and foreign exchange markets in many countries and regions were hit. Research by an economist from Curtin University concluded that the China-US trade dispute, triggered by the latter, will cost every Australian nearly $300 a year.
美国前总统经济顾问萨默斯告诫，贸易战升级将使世界面临十年来最大经济衰退风险。在前不久的勘探商与交易商大会上，有澳工商业领袖认为，澳正暴露在这一风险当中。
Lawrence Summers, a former economic adviser to US presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, warned that the intensifying dispute between the US and China was the biggest economic risk in a decade. At the recent Diggers and Dealers conference, Australian business leaders said that Australia was badly exposed to the risk.
美方采取单边加征关税的做法，不仅使中美经贸合作受挫，更违反世界贸易组织规则，损害多边贸易组织争端解决机制的权威性，严重干扰全球产业链和供应链，“买单”的将是整个国际社会。
The unilateral imposition of new tariffs on China by the US has not only derailed China-US economic and trade co-operation, but also violated the rules of the World Trade Organisation, undermined the authority of its dispute settlement mechanism, and seriously disrupted the global industrial and supply chain. The price will be paid by the entire international community.
我们始终认为，谈判应建立在平等、相互尊重基础上，磋商必须有诚意、讲原则、守信用、重规则，成果必须互利共赢。中美经贸谈判迄今已进行12轮，每次出现波折都源于美方违背共识、出尔反尔、不讲诚信。
We always believe that negotiations should be based on equality and mutual respect, conducted in a sincere, principled, trustworthy and rules-based manner for mutual benefits and win-win results. The 12 rounds of China-US consultations have not been free of setbacks, each of them being the result of a US breach of consensus and commitments, and backtracking.
美方如想通过极限施压和恐吓讹诈，让中方作出更多让步，是打错了算盘。在涉及主权的重大原则上，中方一寸也不会退让。
If the US intends to force China to make more concessions by imposing extreme pressure, threats or blackmail, it is barking up the wrong tree. On major principles concerning sovereignty, China will not back down even a little bit.
我想在这里顺便谈谈中方采购美国农产品的问题。美方最近指称中方没有采购美国农产品。事实上，中国企业已经向美国采购了大豆等美国农产品，并持续进行询价。由于美方突然宣称再次对华加征关税，严重违背了中美元首大阪会晤共识，中国国务院关税税则委员会对8月3日后新成交的美国农产品采购暂不排除进口加征关税，中国相关企业已暂停采购美国农产品。中方希望美方认真落实大阪共识，言而有信，为两国农业领域合作创造必要条件。
I also wish to shed light on the issue of Chinese procurement of US agricultural produce. The US recently alleged that China has failed to purchase American agricultural produce as promised. In fact, Chinese companies already purchased US soy beans in large amounts and kept asking for new quotations. However, the US announcement of imposing new tariffs on Chinese imports from September 1 is a serious violation of the Osaka consensus. As a result, the Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China will not rule out levying tariffs on American farm imports purchased after August 3, and Chinese companies suspended their purchase of more US agricultural produce. We hope that the US will keep its promise and implement the Osaka consensus, so as to create necessary conditions for agricultural co-operation between the two countries.
中国古语云：“人而无信，不知其可也”。作为当今唯一的超级大国，美国在全球贸易、气候变化、防扩散等领域一再失信于国际社会。
As an ancient Chinese saying goes: If a man does not honour his promise, how can he be trusted? As the only superpower in the world today, the US has repeatedly broken its promises to the international community on global trade, climate change, nuclear non-proliferation and many others.
也许我们改变不了美国的善变，但中国继续扩大对外开放、维护多边主义和自由贸易、推动构建人类命运共同体的承诺和决心不会变。对于贸易战，我们不想打，但也不怕打。这一立场也不会变。
The unpredictability of the US is not what the world may change, but the commitment and determination of China is what will never change, for opening further to the outside world, maintaining multilateralism and free trade, and promoting a community with shared future for mankind. As for the trade dispute, China’s position will also stand unchanged: China does not want a trade war, but is not afraid of fighting one.
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