医学英语词汇通常拼写较长而复杂,且与普通的英文词汇有较大的差异,不容易记忆。下面小编就和大家分享 如何快速记忆医学英语口语单词,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
C1.z.s 词根或词干是复合词的核心,主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时,若连接处无元音字母,需加上连接元音字母0或i,因此,字典中通常列举的是词根/词干+连接元音字母所组成的构词形,这里主要列举出构词形、词义及相关的例词。
cardio:heart心脏(electrocardiogram 心电图,cardiolo—gy心脏病学)
corono:crown,the heart冠,心脏(coronary bypass冠状动脉搭桥术)
aorto:aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)
atrio:cavity,atrium 心房(atrioseptop1asty房间隔修补术)
ventrio:ventricle心室(intraventricu1ar block室内传导阻滞)
angio:vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)
vaso l a vessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)
artero:artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)
veno:vein静脉(venostasis静脉淤滞)
phlebo:vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)
stetho:chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)
thoraco:chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)
sphygmo:pulse脉搏(sphygmomanometer血压计,sphygmopalpation切脉)
hemo:blood血(hemorrhage出血)
hemato:blood血(hematuria血尿)
plasmo:plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)
thrombo:clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)
fibro:fiber,fiberous tissue纤维(组织)(myocardial fibrosis心肌纤维化)
agglutino:clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)
globo:round,globe圆的,球(globin球蛋白)
sero:serum 血清(seroenzyme血清酶)
lympho:lymph淋巴(1ym phadenitis淋巴结炎)
athero:fatty buildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)
myo:muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病;myocardium 心肌)
angino:choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)
tacho:quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)
brachy:short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)
2 常用后缀加于词根/词干之后,不仅改变其意义,还决定该词的词性,后缀分为简单后缀(如cardiac中的一ac)和复合后缀(如cardiologist中的一logist由log和一ist结合而成).这里主要列出简单后缀中常用的各词性和形容词性后缀,以及与心血管系统有关的复合后缀。
一ia:condition条件或情况(anemia贫血,ischemia缺血)
- itis:inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)
- osis:abnormal or pathological condition(sclerosis硬化症)
- ism;a condition (embolism栓塞)
一(i)um :与……有关(pericardium心包)
- let:指小词(platelet血小板)
一ulc:指小词(venule小静脉)
一ulum:指小词(vasculum 小血管)
- ac,-al,一ar:……的(cardiac心脏的bronchia1支气管的)
- eal:……的(esophageal食道的)
- OUS:(intravenous静脉内的)
一old,类……的,……样的(cystoid囊样的)
一algia:pain(thorcalgia胸痛) .
一ectasia l stretching,dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)
一emia:blood condition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)
一odynia:pain 痛(cardiodynia心痛)
一penia{deficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)
一uria l urine condition尿的情况(hematuria血尿)
一graphy: process of recording 记录(electrocar—diography心电描记术)
一logy,一logist:学科,学者(cardiology一0脏病学,cardi—ologlst心脏病学家)
一lysis:dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)
一blast:未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)
一sclerosis:a hardening硬化(arteri0Scler0Sis动脉硬化)
一stenosls l a norrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)
一tomy:cut,incision切开(pericardiotomy心包切开术)
3 常用前缀 .前缀加于词根/词干前限制其意义,多数情况下一个复合词前有一个前缀,有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义,如endopericarditis中的endo一和peria一;无,非(atypical非典型性的)
an一:无,非(anuria stage无尿期anemia贫血)
anti一:against抗(antldiuretic hormone抗利尿激素)
clrcum一:around环(circumduction环行运动)
contra一:against抗(contraindication禁忌症)
de一:from 从(deoxidation脱氧)
endo一:inside,inner内部(endogenous内源性的,en—docardial 心内膜的)
epi一:over,upon外部,上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)
hyper一:above,excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖}
ventricular hypertrophy心室肥厚)
hypo—lunder,less than normal低于正常(hyponatremi—a低钠血症}hyposystole心收缩过弱)
inter一:between在……之间(interventricular septum室间隔)
intra一:within在……之内(intravenous静脉内的)
pars一:beside,alongside旁,附着(paravenous静脉旁的)
peril around周围(endopericarditis心内膜心包炎)
post—l after后(posti~arction syndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)
pre一:before在……之前(precardium心前区)
sub—l under在……之下,亚(subleukemic leukemia亚白血性白血病)
super一:above,over高于,超过(superoxide anion超氧化物阴离子)
supra:above,over高于,超过(supraventricular tachy—cardia室上性心动过速)
医学英语词汇的基本连接方式为前缀+词干+连接元音+ 后缀,前后词缀加于词干的前后来增加或限制其义。当两个词干相拼或词干后加后缀,如hyper/glyc/emia,supra/ventr~ul/arI也可以词干+后缀,如hemo/lysis}也可以是多个词干叠加在一起,中间由元音O或i连接(连接元音连接词干与词干或词干与后缀。元音O是使用最为广泛的连接元音,其次是元i和a.),如cardio/plegia .
组成医学词汇的英文词干词缀来自拉丁语和希腊语,因此有时可见拼写不同的但意义相同的词,如hypodermic和subcutaneous都表示“皮下” .thorcalgia和stethalgia都指“胸痛” .Cardio-angiology和cardio-vasology都是“心血管学” 的意思。但绝大多数情况下有约定俗成的表示法,不可随意更改。词条各成分之间相连接时遵循一定的顺序,如改变顺序,则可能完全改变词义,或词条根本不存在。如phagocyte是“吞噬细胞”的意思,而cytophagy则指“吞噬细胞作用” cardiomyopathy与myocardiopathy意义也稍有不同。
掌握一定数量的医学词汇的词千和词缀,以及熟悉构词的一般规律和特殊的情况,可以“记一当十” ,使得枯燥的医学专业词汇富有意味,从而大大地缩短记忆词汇的时间和查阅医学文献的效率,取得事半功倍的效果。同时在有必要构筑新词时有可靠的依据,便于同行理解和领会新词的含义。
1、let me take a look in your ears, first.
2、now let me examine your nose.
3、look right at me,please.
请看着我。
4、now open your mouth.
现在张开你的嘴。
5、open it just as wide as you can.
尽量把嘴张大。
6、i'm not going to do anything to hurt you.
我不会使你感到疼痛。
7、lift your tongue up to the roof of your mouth.
把你的舌头抬到上腭。
8、now let your tongue down.
现在把你的舌头放下来。
9、just breathe easily through your mouth.
只用嘴轻轻地呼吸。
10、please say,"ah'.
"请说"啊"。
11、now i want to look in your throat with my mirror.
现在我要用喉镜检查你的咽喉。
12、would you come toward me just a little?
稍向我靠近一点好吗?
13、stick your tongue way out.
把你的舌头伸出来。
14、look at the ceiling.
看天花板。
1、what's the matter?
什么事?
2、what's your complaint?
什么病?
3、what can i do for you?
我能效劳什么?
4、is there anything wrong?
有什么不对劲吗?
5、what exactly is wrong?
到底有什么不对劲呢?
6、what symptoms do you have?
你有什么症状?
7、is there anything particularly unusual?
有什么特别不一样的吗?
8、what's the trouble?
什么毛病?
9、when did it happen?
是什么时候发生的?
10、since when has it hurt?
受伤多久了?
11、since when?
从什么时候?
12、when did this start?
从什么时候开始的?
13、when did you start having this problem?
你从什么时候开始有这毛病的?
14、when did this trouble start?
这毛病是从什么时候开始的?
15、how long has it been bothering you?
taking the patient's symptoms and history
1. have you been short of breath?
你有过喘息吗?
2. the pain is getting worse and worse.
疼痛越来越严重
3. in that part of her belly is the pain?
她腹部的什么位置痛?
4. is she rimming a temperature?
她发烧吗?
5. has she a cough?
她咳嗽吗?
6. do you bring up any phlegm?
你有痰吗?
7. does your phlegm have any blood?
你痰里有血吗?
8. when did you first notice blood in your phlegm?
你什么时候开始发现你的痰里有血的?
9. does it hurt to pass urine?
小便时痛吗?
10. is there any radiation of the pain to the back?
这里的痛扩散到背部吗?
11. have you taken any medicine for the pain?
你服过什么药来止痛吗?
12. about how many time a day has she vomited?
她一天大约呕吐几次?
13. has she been moving her bowels regularly?
她的大便正常吗?
14. when did the diarrhea start?
腹泻是什么时候开始的?
15. do you eyelids swell?
你的眼睑肿吗?
16. is this first time you have ever experienced this?
这是你第一次碰到这种情况吗?
17. did you have any diseases?
你以前生过什么病吗?
18. have you ever had trouble with you stomach?
你的胃有过毛病吗?
19. have you been with anyone who has a cold?
你与感冒的人接触过吗?
20. does any in your family suffer from hypertension?
你家里有人患高血压吗?
21. have you been to a doctor recently?
你最近看过医生吗?
22. have you had any operations in the past?
23. are you allergic to anything?
你对什么过敏吗?
24. when was your last period?
你最近一次例假是在什么时候?
25. have you been drinking at all?
你是不是一直嗜酒
26. do you smoke?
你抽烟吗?
27. have you lost any weight recently?
你近来体重减轻了吗?
28. have you had your heart tested this year?
你今年检查过心脏吗?
29. have you ever had diabetes?
你患过糖尿病吗
30. did you have the history of dyspnea?
★ 英语单词
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